The Benefits of Bees for Macadamia Farmers
This article is part of our complete guide to Starting Beekeeping in South Africa.
Macadamia trees require insect pollination to maximise nut set, yield, and nut quality.
In South Africa, where macadamias are a major export crop, pollination by honeybees is critical. Without proper bee activity, nut yield and kernel size can be significantly reduced.
Why Macadamias Need Pollinators
Macadamia flowers are self-incompatible. This means they need pollen from other flowers—ideally from neighbouring trees—to produce full, well-developed nuts. Bees are the most effective pollinators due to their foraging habits and ability to move between trees.
Pollination Benefits for Macadamia Farmers
- Increased nut set per flower raceme
- Improved nut fill and kernel recovery
- Enhanced uniformity and size
- Higher yields per hectare
Research in South Africa shows that macadamia orchards with adequate bee presence can produce 30–50% higher yields compared to orchards with poor pollination.
Hive Placement Guidelines
- 4 to 8 hives per hectare depending on cultivar and flowering intensity
- Place hives in blocks throughout the orchard
- Introduce hives before 10% of trees are in bloom
- Remove hives only after flowering ends
What Beekeepers Should Provide
- Colonies with 6+ frames of brood and bees
- Signed pollination agreement
- Access to water for the bees
- Monitoring of hive health during the period
What Farmers Should Provide
- No spraying during bloom unless at night with bee-safe products
- Clear, shaded placement zones with vehicle access
- Security and protection from animals and theft
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Introducing hives too late (reduces early nut set)
- Using under-strength colonies
- Placing hives at orchard edges only
Final Thoughts
Macadamia pollination is a growing opportunity for beekeepers.
With strong hives and good communication, pollination services can boost farm output and build long-term relationships with growers across South Africa’s macadamia regions.