How to Feed Bees: Syrup, Fondant, and Pollen Substitutes Explained
Feeding bees is a key management practice in South Africa, especially in winter when natural forage is limited. Knowing when and how to feed ensures colonies survive and thrive.
Sugar Syrup
- Light syrup (1:1) – stimulates brood rearing (spring).
- Heavy syrup (2:1) – builds stores (autumn April–May).
Fondant and Dry Sugar
- Best for emergency winter feeding (June–July).
- Placed above the cluster.
Pollen Substitutes
- Soy flour, brewer’s yeast, or commercial mixes.
- Used when pollen is unavailable.
Feeding in South African Seasons
- April: Feed heavy syrup if reserves low.
- May–July: Use fondant for emergencies.
- August: Light syrup stimulates brood buildup.
Risks of Poor Feeding
- Fermentation of syrup in warm weather.
- Robbing if feed is exposed.
- Honey contamination if overfed during flows.
Download a checklist for use when sugar-feeding bees.
Conclusion
It is important for honey farmers to know how to feed bees, and how feeding bees in South Africa requires timing and method: heavy syrup in April, fondant in June, and pollen substitutes as needed. Done correctly, feeding strengthens colonies and reduces winter losses when natural flowers are limited.