Identifying Key Nectar Sources in the Savannah Biome
This article is part of our complete guide to Starting Beekeeping in South Africa.
The savannah biome covers large parts of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, and KwaZulu-Natal.
It consists of open woodlands, grasslands, and scattered shrubs—rich in indigenous plants that produce high-quality nectar and pollen.
For beekeepers operating in the bushveld, knowing the key forage species helps plan hive placement and maximise honey flow.
Why the Savannah Biome Matters
- Long flowering season due to varied species
- Good pollen quality for brood rearing
- Nectar flows tied to summer rains and temperature
- Strong overlap with commercial farming and pollination needs
Major Indigenous Nectar Sources
Trees
- Acacia (Vachellia and Senegalia): Bloom early in the season, vital for colony buildup
- Marula (Sclerocarya birrea): Flowers in spring; adds fruity note to honey
- Mopane (Colophospermum mopane): Reliable bloomer in northern Limpopo
- Terminalia sericea (Silver cluster-leaf): Provides mid-season nectar
- Combretum species: Flower at different times, extend forage availability
Shrubs and Herbs
- Wild dagga (Leonotis leonurus): Rich autumn nectar source
- Aloe marlothii (Mountain aloe): Blooms in dry periods; strong draw for bees
- Buddleja saligna: Long blooming cycle with useful pollen
- Hibiscus and Pavetta species: Understorey nectar for mixed diets
Grassland Additions
- Cosmos and sunflower (naturalised species): Fill nectar gaps during peak summer
- Sorghum and millet (smallholder crops): Provide pollen in managed systems
Seasonal Bloom Timeline (Typical Pattern)
- Aug–Sept: Acacia, Marula, Buddleja
- Oct–Dec: Mopane, Terminalia, Hibiscus
- Jan–Mar: Wild dagga, sunflowers, Pavetta
- Apr–May: Aloes and late flowering shrubs
Forage Planning Tips
- Rotate hives between lowveld and upland zones
- Use shaded hive stands near flowering trees
- Place water near hives during heatwaves
- Reduce colony numbers if forage is delayed by drought
Honey Characteristics
- Bushveld honey tends to be amber-coloured
- Balanced mix of floral and herbal notes
- Slow crystallisation, depending on flora
Final Thoughts
The savannah biome offers steady forage for well-placed hives, especially when paired with pollination contracts.
Indigenous trees and shrubs form the backbone of nectar supply in this region, and timing hive movements around bloom patterns ensures consistent production and healthy colonies.